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Table 2 Echocardiographic parameters

From: Cardiovascular effects of lactate in healthy adults

 

LAC

SAL

Difference (95% CI)

P value

Baseline

After treatment

Baseline

After treatment

Left ventricular systolic function

 LVEF, %

57 ± 5

65 ± 7

59 ± 5

61 ± 6

5 (3, 8)

 < 0.001

 LVEDV, mL

135 ± 27

126 ± 33

134 ± 36

137 ± 37

− 11 (− 22, 1)

0.07

 LVESV, mL

59 ± 17

46 ± 18

56 ± 20

55 ± 20

− 10 (− 17, − 4)

0.002

 GLS, %

18.6 ± 2.2

21.9 ± 2.0

19.8 ± 1.8

21.1 ± 2.3

1.5 (0.7, 2.2)

 < 0.001

 LV S’max, cm/s

7.4 ± 1.1

9.0 ± 1.4

7.4 ± 0.9

8.3 ± 1.3

0.7 (0.2, 1.1)

0.002

 GWI, mmHg%

1,856 ± 219

2,083 ± 249

1,881 ± 266

2,026 ± 245

49 (− 58, 155)

0.36

 GCW, mmHg%

2,257 ± 199

2,590 ± 242

2,244 ± 248

2,502 ± 287

51.6 (− 61, 164)

0.36

 GWW, mmHg%

114 ± 71

98 ± 46

79 ± 29

91 ± 47

− 7.6 (− 29, 13)

0.47

 GWE, %

94 ± 3

95 ± 2

96 ± 2

96 ± 2

0 (− 1, 1)

0.76

Left ventricular diastolic function

 A, cm/sec

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

0.6 ± 0.2

0.0 (− 0.1, 0.1)

0.76

 E, cm/sec

0.9 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.1

0.0 (− 0.1, 0.0)

0.60

 E/A

2.2 ± 0.7

1.9 ± 0.4

2.0 ± 0.5

2.1 ± 1.2

− 0.5 (− 0.9, 0.0)

0.038

 Lateral E/e´

4.8 ± 0.6

5.0 ± 0.7

4.9 ± 1.1

5.4 ± 0.9

− 0.4 (− 0.9, 0.1)

0.10

Left atrial function

 LA volume, mL

42 ± 12

40 ± 12

37 ± 12

48 ± 18

− 16 (− 25, − 6)

0.003

 LA Conduit strain, %

46.1 ± 9.1

51.0 ± 6.5

43.1 ± 5.8

45.7 ± 5.6

2.0 (− 1.2, 5.2)

0.21

 LA Contractile strain, %

− 37.6 ± 9.2

− 42.2 ± 9.7

− 36.0 ± 3.8

− 39.1 ± 6.2

− 1.0 (− 5.1, 3.2)

0.64

 LA Reservoir strain, %

− 8.6 ± 5.1

− 8.8 ± 6.7

− 7.0 ± 4.9

− 7.3 ± 5.3

− 0.4 (− 3.5, 2.8)

0.81

Right Ventricular function

 TAPSE, mm

2.6 ± 0.4

2.9 ± 0.4

2.7 ± 0.3

2.7 ± 0.5

0.2 (0.0, 0.4)

0.021

 RV S’max, cm/s

13.4 ± 1.7

12.6 ± 3.8

14.5 ± 1.2

15.0 ± 2.2

− 1.5 (− 4.0, 1.0)

0.23

 RV free wall LS, %

26.3 ± 2.0

26.9 ± 1.9

27.9 ± 3.9

28.0 ± 3.1

0.5 (− 1.7, 2.7)

0.65

  1. Values are mean ± SD at baseline and 4-h average for each treatment and between-treatment pairwise comparison (95% CI) and associated P-values from a mixed model, which incorporated repeated measurements. E/A = ratio of early (E) and late (A) diastolic mitral in- flow velocity; E/e ‘ = ratio of E and early diastolic mitral plane tissue velocity (e’); GLS = global longitudinal strain; GWW and GCW = global wasted and constructive work; GWE and GWI = global work efficiency and index; LA = left atrial; LAC = half-molar sodium lactate; LS = longitudinal strain; LVEDV and LVESV = left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volume; LVEF = LV ejection fraction; S’max = systolic mitral (LV S’ velocity; 9-point average) and tricuspid (RV S’ velocity; 3-point average) plane peak excursion velocity; SAL = hypertonic sodium chloride; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. Bold text highlights P-values < 0.05
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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535