Table 1 Randomized-controlled nutrition studies in critically ill patients reporting a difference in renal secondary endpoints (for specifics see text)
From: The kidney: the critical organ system for guiding nutrition therapy in the ICU-patient?
Study/ Akronym/ Pub-Year First author | Main rationale of the study | Reported renal outcome (secondary endpoint) |
|---|---|---|
PermiT Study 2015 Arabi YM [2] | Early permissive underfeeding vs. full nutrition | Higher rate of AKI requiring RRT in full nutrition |
Intensive Insulin therapy 2001/ 2008, secondary analysis Schetz M. [13] | Normoglycemia vs. liberal glucose control | Higher rate of AKI during hyperglycemia |
TGC-Fast Trial 2023 Gunst J. [15] | Normoglycemia vs. liberal glucose control without parenteral nutrition | Higher rate of AKI and RRT-requirement during hyperglycemia |
Nephroprotective Trial 2015 Secondary analysis Zhu R. [28] | High vs. low amino acid intake and renal function | Lower risk of AKI, need of RRT and mortality if no baseline renal injury with high dose amino acids |
REDOXS-Trial 2013/ 2015 Secondary analysis Heyland DR. [32] | High dose glutamine vs. placebo | Higher mortality of AKI-2–3 not requiring RRT with high dose glutamine |
EFFORT Protein Trial 2023 Heyland DR. [33] | High vs. low protein intake | Higher mortality of AKI not requiring RRT with high protein intake |
EPaNIC Study, 2011/2013 Secondary analysis Gunst J. [37] | Early vs. late parenteral nutrition | Higher rate of AKI and longer requirement of RRT in early parenteral nutrition |