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Table 2 Physiological characteristics of ARDS according to verticalization steps

From: Physiological effects and safety of bed verticalization in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Hemodynamic Status

Baseline

0° position

30° position

60° position

90° position

30° semi-seated

P value

MAP, mmHg

76 (71; 80)

80 (74; 84)

75 (71; 79)

71 (68; 78)

74 (68; 81)

80 (74; 89)

 < 0.01*

Heart rate, min−1

83 (71; 102)

83 (68; 96)

80 (72; 100)

88 (78; 113)

96 (88; 113)

91 (76; 106)

 < 0.01*

Stroke volume, mL

72 (53; 89)

80 (60; 95)

72 (53; 93)

55 (42; 66)

48 (31; 65)

54 (42; 87)

 < 0.01*

EDV, mL

151 (128; 220)

150 (132; 209)

166 (118; 222)

157 (112; 202)

150 (101; 183)

150 (120; 196)

0.13

CO, mL min−1

6.4 (4.5; 7.6)

6.5 (4.8; 8.0)

5.3 (4.3; 7.5)

4.9 (3.9; 6.2)

4.8 (3.2; 5.8)

4.5 (3.9; 6.7)

 < 0.01*

RAP, mmHg

11 (9; 13)

12 (9; 14)

8 (6; 10)

5 (3; 7)

4 (3; 8)

10 (9; 13)

 < 0.01*

SVR, mmHg min−1 mL−1

812 (654; 1201)

876 (652; 1194)

844 (709; 1249)

1152 (837; 1449)

1235 (898; 1730)

1058 (746; 1741)

 < 0.01*

SvO2, %

67 (65; 76)

69 (62; 74)

69 (63; 76)

67 (56; 74)

65 (56; 76)

73 (66; 80)

 < 0.01*

PAPm, mmHg

28 (25; 30)

29 (26; 30)

27 (25; 29)

27 (24; 28)

26 (22; 29)

29 (22; 31)

 < 0.01*

PVR, mmHg min−1 mL−1

193 (143; 294)

181 (143; 266)

211 (161; 323)

271 (226; 402)

287 (241; 429)

250 (178; 309)

0.02*

PAOP, mmHg

11 (10; 13)

12 (11; 14)

10 (8; 12)

8 (7; 10)

7 (6; 9)

11 (10; 13)

 < 0.01*

Serum lactate, mmol L−1

1.3 (1.1; 1.7)

1.3 (1.1; 1.7)

1.4 (1.2; 1.7)

1.5 (1.2; 1.9)

1.4 (1.2; 2.0)

1.4 (1.1; 1.8)

0.04*

Norepinephrine, µg kg−1 min−1

0.19 (0.07; 0.30)

0.19 (0.07; 0.29)

0.18 (0.10; 0.35)

0.27 (0.15; 0.46)

0.32 (0.16; 0.77)

0.21 (0.13; 0.45)

 < 0.01*

Respiratory variables

Baseline

0° position

30° position

60° position

90° position

30° semi-seated

P value

PEEP, cmH2O

12 (10; 14)

12 (10; 14)

12 (10; 14)

12 (10; 14)

12 (10; 14)

12 (10; 14)

0.41

Tidal volume, mL kg−1 PBW

6.4 (6.1; 6.8)

6.5 (6.1; 6.8)

6.5 (6.1; 6.9)

6.5 (6.2; 6.8)

6.6 (6.1; 6.9)

6.5 (6.1; 7.0)

0.18

Respiratory rate, min−1

26 (24; 28)

26 (24; 28)

26 (22; 28)

26 (24; 28)

26 (24; 26)

26 (24; 26)

0.24

Pplat, cmH2O

24 (23; 27)

24 (22; 25)

26 (23; 29)

28 (26; 31)

28 (26; 33)

24 (22; 25)

 < 0.01*

CRS, mL cmH2O−1

41 (27; 50)

43 (32; 49)

34 (27; 42)

29 (23; 38)

25 (21; 37)

41 (31; 50)

 < 0.01*

CL, mL cmH2O−1

47 (39; 84)

56 (43; 71)

53 (36; 80)

39 (32; 74)

43 (30; 63)

59 (44; 108)

0.11

CCW, mL cmH2O−1

117 (95; 178)

145 (113; 204)

90 (74; 126)

81 (65; 104)

81 (59; 96)

113 (86; 150)

 < 0.01*

Driving pressure, cmH2O

11 (9; 14)

11 (9; 13)

13 (10;16)

14 (12; 19)

15 (12; 20)

11 (9; 13)

 < 0.01*

ΔPL, cmH2O

9 (5; 11)

8 (6; 9)

9 (6; 11)

11 (6;13)

10 (7; 14)

8 (4; 9)

 < 0.01*

Mechanical power, J min−1

22 (18; 28)

21 (17; 26)

22 (19; 29)

24 (20; 30)

24 (19; 31)

21 (19; 27)

0.04*

EELVPBW, mL kg−1

26 (15; 33)

24 (15; 30)

31 (25; 36)

36 (27; 41)

34 (27; 37)

27 (19; 34)

 < 0.01*

VD/VT, %

69 (60; 77)

70 (62; 77)

73 (62; 79)

73 (66; 78)

73 (65; 81)

70 (60; 77)

0.16

Strain

0.27 (0.19; 0.43)

0.28 (0.22; 0.42)

0.22 (0.16; 0.27)

0.19 (0.15; 0.24)

0.19 (0.17; 0.24)

0.24 (0.20; 0.34)

 < 0.01*

PaO2, mmHg

69 (62; 81)

61 (57; 73)

78 (69; 95)

81 (69; 101)

84 (68; 105)

73 (70; 87)

 < 0.01*

PaO2/FiO2, mmHg

116 (84; 140)

96 (78; 124)

137 (99; 158)

142 (106; 192)

136 (113; 186)

113 (93; 156

 < 0.01*

PaCO2, mmHg

47 (42; 52)

45 (37; 50)

48 (40; 53)

51 (42; 60)

51 (42; 60)

49 (41; 59)

 < 0.01*

FiO2, %

65 (54; 80)

65 (54; 80)

65 (54; 80)

60 (50; 73)

60 (50; 75)

70 (50; 90)

0.33

FeCO2, %

1.59 (1.36; 1.90)

1.61 (1.25; 1.98)

1.52 (1.09; 2.00)

1.52 (1.34; 1.93)

1.49 (1.10; 1.82)

1.65 (1.23; 1.92)

0.08

VCO2, mL min−1

169 (134; 199)

174 (139; 193)

169 (133; 191)

169 (149; 193)

169 (124; 193)

172 (146; 196)

0.14

VTCO2, mL

6.9 (5.3; 8.2)

6.9 (4.8; 8.1)

6.8 (4.3; 7.7)

6.8 (5.6; 7.4)

6.9 (4.2; 7.4)

6.9 (4.7; 8.3)

0.17

Pulmonary shunt, %

20 (14; 26)

24 (15; 33)

15 (7; 20)

12 (6; 18)

12 (6; 16)

14 (8; 18)

 < 0.01*

Arterial pH

7.33 (7.29; 7.40)

7.33 (7.28; 7.40)

7.33 (7.29; 7.38)

7.31 (7.25; 7.34)

7.30 (7.22; 7.32)

7.26 (7.31; 7.34)

 < 0.01*

Serum bicarbonate, mmol L−1

26 (20; 30)

26 (21; 29)

26 (20; 31)

26 (19; 29)

25 (19; 28)

25 (22; 29)

 < 0.15

  1. Data are presented as median [25th–75th percentiles] unless otherwise indicated. Mixed-effects models were used for all variables, and the global P-values for position effect throughout the experimental procedure are provided. MAP: mean arterial pressure. EDV: end-diastolic volume. CO: cardiac output. RAP: right atrial pressure. SVR: systemic vascular resistance. SvO2: oxygen saturation of mixed venous blood. PAPm: mean pulmonary artery pressure. PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance. PAOP: pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure. Pplat: end-inspiratory plateau pressure. CRS: static compliance of respiratory system. CL: lung compliance. CCW: chest wall compliance. ΔPL: transpulmonary driving pressure. EELV: end-expiratory lung volume. VD/VT: dead-space fraction. PBW: predicted body weight. PaO2: arterial partial pressure of oxygen. FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen. PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide
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Critical Care

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